This initiative was in line with SEARCA's umbrella program on Food and Nutrition Security for Southeast Asia 2014-2019, which has also been adopted by the University Consortium since August 2014. Anecdotal information shows that countries stockpile food, particularly rice, in different modalities. The table has current values for Gold Reserves, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency plus links to historical data charts. The United States has the largest gold reserves in the world. There are around 20 known super-volcanoes on this planet. In the following months severe anomalies hit the European meteorological conditions: very heavy rains in Germany and flooding in Poland, Teutonic knights’ castle cellars flooded, villages disappeared. The largest holders of gold are the central banks, international organizations and governments. Preparedness should involve local/national, then international and planetary efforts. Tagged with: Lake Toba, mega volcano eruption, Recorded History, Category: Consequences, Mitigations, Risk analysis, Risk management, […] World food reserves worldwide would last 74 days […], Your email address will not be published. Four years later a mini-glaciation occurred. The analysis prompted two main conclusions: these public food stocks are particularly useful in certain contexts, such as in the Sahel, and their impact on food security is boosted by appropriate governance structures. With food consumption exceeding the amount grown for six of the past 11 years, countries have run down reserves from an average of 107 days of consumption 10 years ago to under 74 days recently. 2013. Collate and assess all studies on food stocks and stockpiling thus far and conduct survey and focus group discussions where needed, so as to understand the rationale behind countries' decision to stockpile, identify the commodities that countries stockpile, the modalities and mechanisms of food stockpiling adopted, relevant government policies; and. Like usual, at Riskope we…, Learn more about our services by contacting us today. Have a survival baggage ready, park the car with a full tank, ready to go. There is very little variation in the countries’ rationale behind food stockpiling. 222/2013 dated 4 December 2013, Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture, Technical Assistance and Consulting Services, Seed Fund for Research and Training (SFRT), Food Reserves: A Comparative Study on Food Reserve Management and Policies in Southeast Asia, SEARCA and the Provincial Government of Quezon Ink Agreements for Scaling Agricultural and Rural Development Model, SEARCA webinar tackles prospects of biofortification to address food and nutrition insecurity, AIM, NVSU teams emerge as Innovation Olympics 2.0 finalists. The team of experts, made up of Roger Blein (Issala), Raphael Beaujeu and Henri Leturque (IRAM), Through the 1960s and 1970s, public food reserves were considered salient to food security, and construction and maintenance of reserves were active components of food security policies and reforms. Only a few years ago the “small” eruption of an Icelandic volcano forced to a halt the air traffic over Europe and transatlantic routes for almost a week. That being said, a large eruption with climate alteration magnitude would be a large scale challenge for humanity, our societies and possibly our survival. Countries are starting to stockpile other commodities aside from rice owing to increasing incomes, diversifying diets, and changing lifestyle. The findings of the study have Various governments shoring up their food reserves have also pushed markets higher. Its eruption is the most powerful volcanic eruption in recorded history and summed up to be one of the greatest catastrophes. At a country level, there is an extreme variability in TRWR: from a minimum of 10 m 3 /inhabitant in Kuwait to more than 100 000 m 3 /inhabitant in Canada, Iceland, Gabon and Suriname. Four years later a mini-glaciation occurred. Interestingly that century featured a series of colder periods called the Little Ice Age (LIA). Although real prices may be low by historical standards, sharp upward swings and downward corrections have impeded the ability of farmers to respond appropriately to both short India's mining sector contributes 11% of the country's industrial gross domestic product (GDP) … The crater bears the name of Kuwae caldera and layers of ashes witness for its eruption, including traditional knowledge of “disappearing land”. First, countries should designate food and nutrition services as essential, while also implementing protections for those who work in the sector. A surge in attacks on Nigerian farmers is having a knock-on effect on the country’s food reserves, Bloomberg has reported. India. The cause of all of the above was apparently the eruption of a super-volcano. The Yellowstone Caldera, a known supervolcano that reportedly erupted 600,000 years ago is considered to have been ten times Tambora, one thousand times larger than Mount St. Helen. In the past, climate changed, with cold snaps, there was a Little Ice Age although we do not know if the Little Ice Age was a consequence of those phenomena or not. That is we may even be completely off with that window of 1/50,000 to 1/100,000 years frequency. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Additionally, the workshop was used to identify implications of a changing regional trade regime (such as the AEC2015) on a country’s food stocks, as well as the impact of each individual country’s food reserves on regional stockpiling mechanism. Food availability is an important dimension of a country's food security. Thus the Kuwae is likely not the cause of the global impact. This page displays a table with actual values, consensus figures, forecasts, statistics and historical data charts for - Gold Reserves. And there isn’t much we can do to correct that. It is in this context that the Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA) and the members of the Southeast Asian University Consortium for Graduate Education in Agriculture and Natural Resources (University Consortium/UC) collaborated on a research project entitled "Food Reserves: A Comparative Study on Food Reserve Management and Policies in Southeast Asia." Efforts should include dealing with the flow of survivors, relocation, food shortage and travel difficulties, on top of possible epidemic and ruinous economic backlashes. We also know today that a nearby supervolcano, the Campi Flegrei, lurks on the other side of Naples. A working party had already been set up by the CSD to study the possible use of surplus agricultural commodities in building up national reserves and submitted its report in June 1957. But, even more worryingly, a super-volcano could also burst out from somewhere that has never erupted before, such as under the Amazon rainforest.”. Establishing emergency food reserves or emergency food stockpiles can be defined as the process of holding back a certain amount of a food commodity from the current production/procurement year for use in the future, anticipating shocks from droughts and other climate-related calamities (Gardner 1979; Caballero-Anthony et al. RSIS Commentaries. Activity 3 – Policy brief and/or monograph, ____________________1 Teng, Paul P.S. Stockpiling is still the dominant strategy employed by Southeast Asia in ensuring food availability. Very recently a 480km long, 50km wide pumice raft, floating 0.6m above ocean surface appeared near New Zealand. Of course there is great uncertainty in these predictions. poverty-stricken countries such as Ethiopia and Eritrea buy arms on a massive [...] scale instead of building up sufficient food reserves. Depending on source it was estimated the UK food reserves were between 60 and 90 days’ worth. europarl.europa.eu. In the following paragraphs we cite a couple examples, beyond the obvious ones of volcanic eruptions consequences. The only unfortunate point is that there are no signs of such a large explosive event on site, meaning not enough volcanic deposits. that food reserves in a given country are likely to benefit other countries (especially importing countries) through a stabilising effect on regional or international markets. Based on those findings one can safely assume the eruption was significantly bigger than the giant Tambora stratovolcano eruption in 1815. In the process they would try to extract beneficial energy. Copyright © 2013 Oboni Riskope Associates Inc. World food reserves worldwide would last 74 days. part of the overall strategy for food security reserves led collectively by three regional institutions: ECOWAS, WAEMU (Members of the West African Economic and Monetary Union) and CILSS. But the super-volcano remains unaccounted for. Activity 2 – One regional workshop open to all interested SE Asian countries and to multi-lateral organizations on food stocks and reserves, in relation to food security. A sort of “Winter is coming” of Games of Thrones if we dare make that reference. Calderas are more complicated than volcanoes because the exit point of magma is not easy to spot in advance. In this chart we see the average daily supply of calories (measured in kilocalories per person per day) by world region, from 1961 to 2013. Representatives from all target countries attended the event. The main sources of making food available in most Southeast countries are what Teng 1 has called the "food taps" and comprise the following – self production, imports via trade, contract farming, stocks and reserves, and food aid. Gold Reserves. A surge in attacks on Nigerian farmers is having a knock-on effect on the country's food reserves, Bloomberg has reported. That is eight years earlier than the “Naples event” cited earlier. Just to give a perspective, the formation of the Campi Flegrei caldera, 39,000 years ago created the cliffs of Sorrento, on the other side of the bay of Naples. Thus, there is great uncertainty on the frequency, but also on the number of the super-volcanoes. Interestingly that century featured a series of colder periods called the Little Ice Age (LIA). That…, Foreseeability and predictability in risk assessments, The discussion of terms such as Foreseeability and predictability in risk assessments is rather common. It does not cost much, but could save your life. The "new normal" conditions in Southeast Asia compels SEARCA and all of its key partners to initiate anew a paradigm shift towards accelerating transformation through agricultural innovation (ATTAIN). Ironically, it is also home to the largest oil reserves in the world, accounting for about 18% of the total global reserves. However, we can monitor seismic swarms and deformations of the crust and win a bit of time to order evacuations. Not surprisingly, petroleum accounts for over 90% of this country’s exports. The story is an unfinished one, as apparently inherent uncertainties cloud ice cores dating and cognitive biases may have lead to connecting dots with biased lines. In the United States, such programs have included the Farmer-Owned Grain Reserve (1977–1996), Food Security Wheat Reserve (1980–1996), Food Security Commodity Reserve (1996–1998), and most recently the Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust (1998–). To maintain a supply of rice stocks for the population, most countries in Southeast Asia adopt a mix of trade instruments such as government-to-government trade, local procurement, and procurement through the private sector. “The current stock exceeds one year’s annual output,” the outlet reported, which suggests the government has more than one year’s worth of food reserves, but not much more. By avoiding or smoothing price surges on these markets, food reserves can contribute to improving food and … Places to watch now are those that have erupted in the past, such as Yellowstone in the US and Toba. Thus, food stockpiling mechanisms still differ from country to country. Encouraging the establishment of food reserves at the local, national or regional levels;(c) Improving the management of grain stocks at the global level, including . World food reserves worldwide would last 74 days following UN estimates in 2012. paper money), or trading peers, during the eras of the gold standard, and also as a store of value, or to support the value of the national currency.. What would occur to our societies when World food reserves worldwide would last 74 days only and our systems are so deeply interconnected? That was in August 2012, but other rafts also appeared near Fiji in 1979 and 1984 from eruptions around Tonga. Your email address will not be published. However, the implementation of  such solutions is far away and many even questions their feasibility. What we know is that two thousand years ago Mount Vesuvius destroyed Pompeii. Citing the All Farmers Association of Nigeria, the news agency said stocks had declined to less than 30,000 metric tons, a fraction of what the country of 200 million people requires. This page provides values for Gold Reserves reported in several countries part of Europe. The same goes for tsunamis. Krakatoa eruption in 1883, spewed pumice into the ocean and clogged harbors in Indonesia. The approaches used under this activity were as follows: Activity 2: Regional workshop (Capacity building), Activity 3. Rice is a good starting point to study food reserve management processes and policies in Southeast Asia. A strategic grain reserve is a government stockpile of grain for the purpose of meeting future domestic or international needs. In 1465 the sky in Naples turned deep azure. No. food reserves (FR) in enhancing food and nutrition security in developing countries, and make recommendations on how to use food reserves (in complement to other tools), taking into account the specificities on the context and the constraints of World Trade Organization (WTO) disciplines. But more recently relaxed to keeping the food storage for three months. Similarly Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers can track ash plumes for air traffic safety. That is at the threshold of credibility following “industrial” standards. Results of Activity 1 will be shared at this workshop. Project report with comparative/cross-country analysis. (2012) Using my own value system I reckon the UK has about 3 days’ worth of food available and that is held by the Supermarkets not the government, so possibly by day seven there will be lots of starving people DEMANDING food, so base your prep planning accordingly. The Deutsche Bundesbank currently holds approximately 3,367 tonnes of gold. The main sources of making food available in most Southeast countries are what Teng1 has called the "food taps" and comprise the following – self production, imports via trade, contract farming, stocks and reserves, and food aid. Dust and ashes buried the local area. In fact, there is a volcanic crater one kilometre deep in the Pacific Ocean that could be the “mystery” super-volcano. Cross-disciplinary studies defined the date of that eruption to 1453. 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