[11] During the 1920s, Peter E. Studebaker Jr., son of the automobile magnate, built a small casino at De Soto Beach eight miles (13 km) north of the Canaveral lighthouse. Aldrin followed Armstrong down the ladder. * denotes unflown vehicles or engines, and future missions or sites. [56], Pad 39A is used to host launches of astronauts on the Crew Dragon capsule in a public–private partnership with NASA. Apollo 8 "Earthrise" Taken aboard Apollo 8 by Bill Anders, this iconic picture shows Earth peeking out from beyond the lunar surface as the first crewed spacecraft circumnavigated the Moon. [54], In February 2016, SpaceX indicated that they had "completed and activated Launch Complex 39A",[55] but still had more work yet to do to support crewed flights. By early 2011, NASA began informal discussions on use of the pads and facilities by private companies to fly missions for the commercial space market,[37] culminating in a 20-year lease agreement with SpaceX for Pad 39A. Each crawler weighed 6,000,000 pounds (2,720 t) and was capable of keeping the space vehicle and its launcher platform level while negotiating the 5 percent grade to the pad. While the External Tank was being fueled, hazardous gas was vented from an internal hydrogen tank, through the GUCP, and out a vent line to a flare stack where it was burned off at a safe distance. July 16th, 1969 at 9:32 am EDT. [47] The pad was modified to support launches of both Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch vehicles, modifications that included the construction of a large Horizontal Integration Facility (HIF) similar to that used at existing SpaceX-leased facilities at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station and Vandenberg Air Force Base, horizontal integration being markedly difference from the vertical integration process used to assemble NASA's Apollo and Space Shuttle vehicles at the launch complex. [17], At the time, the highest numbered launch pad at CCAFS was Launch Complex 37. These were used for three crewed Skylab flights and the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, since the Saturn IB pads 34 and 37 at Cape Canaveral SFS had been decommissioned.[26][27]. (When the Command Module was attached to the Service Module, it was called the CSM.). “If they came in too steep, they would heat up too fast and spacecraft would burn up. Apollo 11 had to take of from the launch pad at a very good speed, so that it could beat gravity. When did Apollo 11 launch? The Apollo 11 mission concluded exactly eight days, three hours, 18 minutes and 35 seconds after launch with a splashdown landing in the Pacific Ocean, about 800 nautical miles southwest of Hawaii and 12 miles from the recovery ship, the USS Hornet. Kennedy Space Center director Robert D. Cabana and representatives from the Ground Systems Development and Operations (GSDO) Program and the Center Planning and Development (CPD) and Engineering directorates marked the completion of the new pad during a ribbon-cutting ceremony on July 17, 2015. "[45] On December 12, 2013, the GAO denied the protest and sided with NASA, which argued that the solicitation contained no preference on the use of the facility as multi-use or single-use. Now for the first time ever you get to experience this historic event through the eyes of those who lived through it. [40] This program was later canceled. The massive Saturn V rocket lifted off from NASA's Kennedy Space Center with astronauts Neil A. Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin at 9:32 a.m. EDT. [35] After Apollo 10, Pad 39B was kept as a backup launch facility in the case of the destruction of 39A, but saw active service during all three Skylab missions, the Apollo-Soyuz test flight, and a contingency Skylab Rescue flight that never became necessary. Apollo 11 launched from Cape Kennedy on July 16, 1969, carrying Commander Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot Michael Collins and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin into an initial Earth-orbit of 114 by 116 miles. On June 9, 2002, the Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on NASA’s Earth Observing-1 satellite captured this true-color image of launch pad 39A and neighboring pad 39B. The three-stage Saturn V was as big as a Navy destroyer, packed 7.5 million pounds of thrust and could catapult the Apollo 11 astronauts to a maximum velocity of 25,000 mph. (While Armstrong said "a man..." most heard "small step for man.") After firing and jettisoning two of the Saturn V’s three engines, the spacecraft entered Earth’s orbit at nearly 120 miles above the surface. A Sound Suppression Water System (SSWS) was added to protect the Space Shuttle and its payload from effects of the intense sound wave pressure generated by its engines. “I think Armstrong was comfortable,” says Neufeld. Four days later, on July 20, Armstrong and Aldrin landed on the Moon's surface. [74] The pads would be located east of the Horizontal Launch Area and north of LC-39B[75]. Once attached, the Apollo 11 spacecraft separated from the Saturn V for good and the Apollo 11 astronauts began their three-day journey across the 238,000-mile expanse between the Earth and the moon. It has been 50 years since Apollo 11 first put a man on the Moon. Space Shuttles Atlantis and Endeavour are placed at LC-39A and LC-39B in preparation for the final service mission to the Hubble Space Telescope (May 2009). After one swing around the planet, the third-stage J-2 rocket ignited, hurling the Apollo astronauts out of near-Earth orbit and on a trajectory toward the moon. [32], During the launch of Discovery on STS-124 on May 31, 2008, the pad at LC-39A suffered extensive damage, in particular to the concrete trench used to deflect the SRB's flames. KSC/NASA. “When you hit the atmosphere at 24,000 mph, it creates a hell of a fireball,” says Neufeld. [19] Before tanking operations began and during launch, non-essential personnel were excluded from the danger area. Aside from the Saturn V boosters, the Apollo 11 hardware consisted of three vessels: the Lunar Module (LM), codenamed “Eagle,” to transport two astronauts to and from the moon’s surface; the Command Module (CM), codenamed “Columbia,” where all three astronauts hung out during the journey; and the Service Module, which held the propulsion and support systems. This article incorporates public domain material from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration document: "Launch Pad 39C". [15], In 1961, President Kennedy proposed to Congress the goal of landing a man on the Moon by the end of the decade. The system was dismantled in 2012, as seen in this video. The Apollo Lunar Module known as the Eagle descends onto the surface of the moon during the Apollo 11 mission, 20th July 1969. U.S. National Register of Historic Places, Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A#SpaceX, Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A § SpaceX, Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A § Current status, Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B § Current status, List of Cape Canaveral and Merritt Island launch sites, "After delays, SpaceX's massive Falcon Heavy rocket set to launch in spring 2016", "Spacex seeks to accelerate falcon 9 production and launch rates this year", National Aeronautics and Space Administration, "NASA Completes Review of First SLS, Orion Deep Space Exploration Mission", "NASA administrator on recent personnel shakeup: 'There's no turmoil at all, "New Launch Pad will Enable Smaller Companies to Develop and Launch Rockets from Kennedy", "NGS Datasheet for Clubhouse Southwest Gable", "The History of Cape Canaveral, Chapter 2: The Missile Range Takes Shape (1949–1958)", "The History of Cape Canaveral, Chapter 3: NASA Arrives (1959–Present)", "Kennedy Space Center Visitor and Area Information | NASA", "NASA – External Tank (ET) Gaseous Oxygen Vent Arm", "GUCP troubleshooting continues as MMT push for launch on June 17", "SPACE.com – NASA Conducts Shuttle Astronaut Rescue Drill", "NASA Eyes Launch Pad Damage for Next Shuttle Flight", "Up for grabs? According to the museum, the free performance, dubbed “ Apollo 50: Go for the Moon,” is set to take place at 9:30 p.m., 10:30 p.m. and 11:30 p.m. both Friday and Saturday. “In what’s become a famous moment,” says Neufeld, “Armstrong took over manual control and began maneuvering the spacecraft forward faster so it would skate over the crater to a clear spot beyond it.”. Time Life Pictures/NASA/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images. Apollo 11 lifted off from launch pad 39A at Cape Canaveral, a headland along Florida’s Atlantic coast. A modified M113 Armored Personnel Carrier could carry injured astronauts away from the complex to safety. Large cryogenic tanks located near the pads stored the liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen (LOX) for the second and third stages of the Saturn V. The highly explosive nature of these chemicals required numerous safety measures at the launch complex. The second uncrewed launch, Apollo 6, also used Pad 39A. See a timeline of the entire mission. The numbering of the pads at the time was from north to south, with the northernmost being 39A, and the southernmost being 39C. Apollo 11 astronauts (L-R) Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin peering out a quarantine room window aboard recovery ship Hornet following splashdown from their historic moon mission. 12:22 p.m. The payload to be installed at the launch pad was independently transported in a payload transportation canister and then installed vertically at the Payload Changeout Room. "[46], On April 14, 2014, the privately owned launch service provider SpaceX signed a 20-year lease for Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A). With the exception of Apollo 10, which used Pad 39B (due to the "all-up" testing resulting in a 2-month turnaround period), all crewed Apollo-Saturn V launches, commencing with Apollo 8, used Pad 39A. Having two deflectors allowed for one to be used while the other was being refurbished after a previous launch. The LCC was connected to the Mobile Launcher Platforms by a high-speed data link; and during launch a system of 62 closed-circuit television cameras transmitted to 100 monitor screens in the LCC.[19]. “The Eagle has landed,” Armstrong reported to a white-knuckled Mission Control. Launch Complex 39C is a new facility for small-lift launch vehicles. [21], When the stack integration was completed, the Mobile Launcher was moved atop one of two crawler-transporters, or Missile Crawler Transporter Facilities, 3–4 miles (4.8–6.4 km) to its pad at a speed of 1 mile per hour (1.6 km/h). The Air Force annexed part of Cape Canaveral, to the north, in 1951, forming the Air Force Missile Test Center, the future Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS). In 2018, SpaceX made further modifications to LC 39A to prepare it to accommodate the manned Dragon 2. Artist's rendering of the Space Launch System Block 1 sitting on LC-39B with the Orion spacecraft at sunrise. Space Frontiers/Hulton Archive/Getty Images. The third stage of the Saturn then fired to start the crew on their 376,400-km (234,000-mile) journey to the Moon. [19], The umbilical tower contained two elevators and nine retractable swing arms that were extended to the space vehicle—to provide access to each of the three rocket stages and the spacecraft for people, wiring, and plumbing—while the vehicle was on the launch pad and were swung away from the vehicle at launch. Previous Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Master Plan recommendations—in 1966, 1972, and 1977—noted that an expansion of KSC's vertical launch capacity could occur when the market demand existed. On July 16, 1969, the huge, 363-feet tall Saturn V rocket launches on the Apollo 11 mission from Pad A, Launch Complex 39, Kennedy Space Center, at 9:32 a.m. EDT. This site became the Joint Long Range Proving Ground in 1949 and was renamed Patrick Air Force Base in 1950 and Patrick Space Force Base in 2020. "As America's premier spaceport, we're always looking for new and innovative ways to meet America's launch needs, and one area that was missing was small class payloads", Cabana said. By early 2013, NASA publicly announced that it would allow commercial launch providers to lease LC-39A,[41] and followed that, in May 2013, with a formal solicitation for proposals for commercial use of the pad. The Lunar Module ascent stage with moon-walking astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin Jr. approaching for a rendezvous with the Apollo Command Module manned by Michael Collins. Ralph Morse/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Image Credit: NASA. Each Mobile Launcher consisted of a two-story, 161-by-135-foot (49 by 41 m) launcher platform with four hold-down arms and a 446-foot (136 m) Launch Umbilical Tower (LUT) topped by a crane used to lift the spacecraft elements into position for assembly. Since the Ares I-X test flight in 2009, Launch Complex 39B is being reconfigured for use by NASA's Space Launch System rocket, a Shuttle-derived launch vehicle which will be used in the Artemis program and subsequent Moon to Mars campaigns. The original structure of the pads was remodeled for the needs of the Space Shuttle, starting with Pad 39A after the last Saturn V launch, and, in 1977, that of Pad 39B after the Apollo-Soyuz in 1975. While Cape Canaveral's Space Launch Complex 40 (SLC-40) was undergoing reconstruction after the loss of the AMOS-6 satellite on September 1, 2016, all SpaceX's east coast launches were from Pad 39A until SLC-40 became operational again in December 2017. In August 2019, SpaceX submitted an Environmental Assessment for Starship launch system at Kennedy Space Center. Each pads contained a two-piece access tower system, the Fixed Service Structure (FSS) and the Rotating Service Structure (RSS). The Apollo 11 Flight Plan is under the configuration control of the Crew Proce-dures Control Board (CPCB). [53] A rollout test of the new Transporter Erector was conducted in November 2015. A total of thirteen Saturn Vs were launched for Apollo, and the uncrewed launch of the Skylab space station in 1973. The 2007 Site Evaluation Study recommended an additional vertical launch pad, Launch Complex 49 (LC-49), to be sited north of existing LC-39B. Neil Armstrong stepped on to its surface on 21 July 1969. Der Launch Complex 39 umfasst zwei Startrampen. Neil Armstrong’s celebrated “one small step” was far from the most dangerous maneuver in the effort to send three men to the moon and return them home a week later. When the lunar launch complex was designed, it was designated as Launch Complex 39. On July 16th 1969, Apollo 11 was launched carrying the crew of Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins. During a launch, it deflected the launch vehicle's rocket exhaust flame into a trench measuring 43 feet (13 m) deep by 59 feet (18 m) wide by 449 feet (137 m) long. The second Falcon Heavy flight, carrying the Arabsat-6A communications satellite for Arabsat of Saudi Arabia, successfully launched on April 11, 2019. Assisted by members of the closeout team, the crew would leave the orbiter and ride an emergency basket to the ground at speeds reaching up to 55 miles per hour (89 km/h). Just as for the first 24 shuttle flights, LC-39A supported the final shuttle flights, starting with STS-117 in June 2007 and ending with the retirement of the Shuttle fleet in July 2011. Launch Complex 39 (LC-39) is a rocket launch site at the John F. Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island in Florida, United States.The site and its collection of facilities were originally built as the Apollo program's "Moonport" and later modified for the Space Shuttle program.. Each deflector measured 39 feet (12 m) high by 49 feet (15 m) wide by 75 feet (23 m) long, and weighed 1,400,000 pounds (635 t). However, its primary customer Rocket Lab opted to launch their Electron rocket from Wallops Island, instead. With today's numbering, 39C would have been north of 39B, and 39D would have been due west of 39C. Now, on the morning of July 16, Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins sit atop another Saturn V at Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center. [28] The water muffled the intense sound waves produced by the engines. Next came the “powered descent” of the LM, what Neufeld calls “the most critical and dangerous part of the flight.” After separating from the CSM, Armstrong and Aldrin piloted the 32,000-pound LM for two hours toward the lunar surface. These modifications included installing a new crew access arm,[59] refurbishing the emergency egress slidewire system, and raising it up to the level of the new arm. Standing side-by-side and peering out small triangular windows, Armstrong and Aldrin brought the LM to a gentle rest and cut the engines. Where did the launch take place? The GUCP provided support for plumbing and cables, called umbilicals, that transferred fluids, gases, and electrical signals between two pieces of equipment. Designated as Launch Complex 48 (LC-48), this area is best suited to accommodate small to medium class launch vehicles, due to its closer proximity to LC-39A and LC-41. One potential shared user in the Blue Origin plan was United Launch Alliance. Below is a timeline of the historic Apollo 11 flight from launch to splashdown. The Apollo 11 mission concluded exactly eight days, three hours, 18 minutes and 35 seconds after launch with a splashdown landing in the Pacific … Pad 39A was never built, and 39C became 39A in 1963. At the pad, the ML was placed on six steel pedestals, plus four additional extensible columns. The SRBs used solid propellant, hence their name. The thrust to allow the Space Shuttle to achieve orbit was provided by a combination of the Solid Rocket Boosters (SRBs) and the RS-25 engines. The capsule had to enter the atmosphere at a razor-precise angle. and the cancellation of Constellation Program in 2010, the future of the Launch Complex 39 pads was uncertain. After the completion of STS-125, 39B was converted to launch the single test flight of the Constellation Program Ares I-X on October 28, 2009. The first SpaceX launch from pad 39A was SpaceX CRS-10 on February 19, 2017, using a Falcon 9 launch vehicle; it was the company's 10th cargo resupply mission to the International Space Station,[62] and the first uncrewed launch from 39A since Skylab. “You got a bunch of guys about to turn blue. Due to heating of the water, a large quantity of steam and water vapor was produced during launch. [56] For military missions from Pad 39A, payloads will be vertically integrated, as that is required per launch contract with the U.S. Space Force. [73][72], Space Florida has proposed that Launch Complex 48 be developed for use by Boeing's Phantom Express and that three landing pads be built for reusable booster systems, to provide more landing options for SpaceX's Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy, Blue Origin's New Glenn, and other potential reusable vehicles. “Roger, Tranquility. In August 2018, SpaceX's Crew Access Arm (CAA) was installed on a new level, which was built at the necessary height to enter the Crew Dragon spacecraft atop a Falcon 9 rocket.[69]. Thankfully, the ascent engine ignited perfectly and Armstrong and Aldrin cruised into lunar orbit where they pulled off yet another tricky maneuver, docking with the CSM in mid-flight. Find out more about how it happened. The area was expanded to accommodate a wider variety of launch azimuths, helping to protect against potential overflight concerns of LC-39B. Launch Complex 39 (LC-39) is a rocket launch site at the John F. Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island in Florida, United States. The 2007 Vertical Launch Site Evaluation Study concluded that a vertical launch pad could also be sited to the south of 39A, and to the north of pad 41, to accommodate small to medium launch vehicles. Next came a truly tricky dance move. Michael Neufeld, a senior curator in the space history department of the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, says that the ignition of the Saturn V boosters was the first of many tense moments on Apollo 11. At the last minute, with fuel supplies running dangerously low, Armstrong realized that the computer’s auto-landing program was dropping them in the middle of a boulder-strewn crater. "The [solicitation] document merely asks bidders to explain their reasons for selecting one approach instead of the other and how they would manage the facility. As commander, Armstrong had the privilege of being the first astronaut to set foot on the moon. [3], SpaceX leases Launch Complex 39A from NASA and has modified the pad to support Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches. The SRBs arrived in segments via rail car from their manufacturing facility in Utah, the external tank arrived from its manufacturing facility in Louisiana by barge, and the orbiter waited in the Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF). Check out these stories: See Photos of How Astronauts Trained for the Apollo Moon Missions, How Landing the First Man on the Moon Cost Dozens of Lives, Apollo 11 Moon Landing Timeline: From Liftoff to Splashdown, Why the Air Force Almost Blasted the Moon with an H-Bomb, The Amazing Handmade Tech That Powered Apollo 11's Moon Voyage, Why Civil Rights Activists Protested the Moon Landing. As part of the Environmental Impact Study (EIS) process, this proposed launch complex was consolidated from two pads (designated in the 1963 plans as 39C and 39D) to one that would provide greater separation from LC-39B. The launch was notable as it marked the first time that SpaceX was able to successfully soft-land all three of the reusable booster stages, which will be refurbished for future launches. The Master Plan also notes a proposed New Vertical Launchpad northwest of LC-39B and a Horizontal Launch Area north of the LC-49 and converting the Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF) and it apron areas into a second Horizontal Launch Area. Want more HISTORY? Apollo set several major human spaceflight milestones.It stands alone in sending crewed missions beyond low Earth orbit. 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