Annual rainfall data for 2009 to 2012 were obtained from Venkatesan et al. Such groups can be identified using clustering algorithms, techniques used in the multivariate data analysis. To investigate the weighting effect in regionalizing and to determine the appropriate weight for each defined attribute, respectively, Ward's clustering technique, principal component analysis, and correlation coefficients matrix methods were used. All rights reserved. In this context, methodologies are used to estimate precipitation in unmonitored locations. Kerala received the highest rainfall in its recorded history – 3368mm – during the 1924 south-west monsoon. with k-means method. Most months of the year are marked by significant rainfall. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International, Regionalización de la precipitación, su agresividad y concentración en la Cuenca del río Guayas, Ecuador, Regionalization of Precipitation in Jordan, Regionalization of precipitation with determination of homogeneous regions via fuzzy c-means, IDENTIFICATION OF HOMOGENEOUS RAINFALL STATIONS IN HARYANA, A comparative analysis of clustering algorithms to identify the homogeneous rainfall gauge stations of Bangladesh, Determinação da Homogeneidade e Tendência das Precipitações na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Tapajós, Noble Gas Recharge Temperature of Sfax Deep Groundwater (Southeastern of Tunisia), Impacts of Relative Sea Level Change and Sedimentary Dynamic on an Historic Site Expansion Along the Coast Between Sfax and Jebeniena, Tunisia: IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development, Use of Paleoclimate Rainfall Data to Detect Mega Drought Signals: IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development, Evolution of Korba Lagoon (Cap Bon, Tunisia) During the Last Millennia Based on the Analysis of Foraminiferal Assemblages: IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development, Regionalization of precipitation in Switzerland by means of principal component analysis, Spatio-temporal patterns of seasonal rainfall in Spain (1912-2000) using cluster and principal component analysis: Comparison, A precipitation-based regionalization for Western Iran and regional drought variability, Regional extreme rainfall mapping for Bangladesh using L-moment technique, Principal Component Analysis of precipitation and rainfall regionalization in Spain, Defining Homogenous Climate zones of Bangladesh using Cluster Analysis, Spatio-temporal variability of seasonal rainfall in western equatorial Africa. However, for NE, central, SW regions, the best fit distributions were generalized logistic and generalized Pareto, respectively. Se determinó zonas homogéneas de precipitación mediante el método k-means. Two regionalizations of Spanish rainfall are then obtained and compared in terms of group homogeneity. “This means rainfall happens for a short duration but the amount of precipitation will be higher,” he said. Like Ward's method, the values of F-ratio for the k-means algorithm also confirm the homogeneity of all seasons/sub-regions. Rainfall in the four broad geographical The average annual temperature is 27.5 °C | 81.5 °F in Pala. Five Agglomerative Hierarchical clustering measures based on mostly used six proximity measures are chosen to perform the regionalization. The regions are geographically well distributed over the area In this work, cluster and principal component analysis are used to divide Spain in a limited number of climatically homogeneous zones, based on seasonal rainfall for 32 Spanish localities for the period 1912?2000. These factors resulted in heavy south west monsoon,” he said. Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. The progressive modification of foraminiferal association revealed by the increase of lagoonal species and the decrease of estuarine taxa prove the settlement of the present-day lagoon conditions. The technique of principal component analysis and of cluster analysis has been applied to two sets of precipitation data in Switzerland, one containing 47 stations (1961–80), and the other 101 stations (1981–1993), with the aim of understanding more fully the spatial distribution of precipitation regimes. Spatially, the country consists of four homogeneous groups based on the root mean square of standard deviation (RMSSTD). “The draught occurred because of El Nino,” said Dr D Sivananda Pai, Head of Climate Prediction Group at the India Meteorological Department in Pune. Malappuram (also Malapuram) (pronunciation) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of 58.20 km 2 (22.47 sq mi). are more evident in JAS and OND. Eight other districts received more than 2000 mm. in 2016, 2017 and 2018. Using Ward's method, five sub-regions are recognized for Rain, The authors hereby acknowledge the financial suppo, College Trichur, Thrissur for seed money project “Var. April–May–June (AMJ), July–August–September (JAS), and October–November–December (OND). RMSSTD value is calculated at each st, and RMSSTD is given in Fig.8. Kannur, with 3119.4 mm, got the most rain. The time variability of dry and wet periods in the identified sub-regions was analyzed using the Precipitation Index (PI) and the existence of any long-term trend was tested. Homogeneous regions are usually defined based on different methods and with consideration of a category of attributes. Kerala state is endowed with rich water resources like 44 rivers and two important, For the study, the main parameter required is the monthl, data of remaining 16 stations could not be received as they, these stations, Global Weather Data are used. The disappearance of charophyte oogonia and planktonic foraminifera coupled with the enrichment of marine taxa marked the opening of our lagoon to the sea. The short dry season has little impact. The four 3-month seasons are defined as follows: January–February–March (JFM), Vehicle Population in Kerala 2015-2016. Climate data for cities worldwide Select a continent Africa; North America; South America; Asia; Europe; Oceania; Popular places. The actual rainfall received in Kerala during the South-West monsoon (June 1 to September 30, 2016) was 1352.3 mm as against the normal rainfall of 2039.7 mm in 2016 showing (-)34 percent departure from the normal, which was the highest in the country. Three districts were in Excess rainfall category: Palakkad (2125.9 mm, 39% above normal), Thiruvananthapuram (1039.9 mm, 20%, the lowest rainfall district of Kerala) and Kozikod (3466.6 mm, 34%, the highest rainfall district of Kerala). Rain activity is likely to continue over the rest of West Coast including Konkan and Goa as well as Coastal Karnataka for a few more days. Using the hierarchical technique of clustering Ward's method, three clusters have been obtained in winter and spring, and four clusters have been obtained in summer and autumn. All the districts of Kerala received deficient rainfall during the period. Rafaela Nazareth Pinheiro de Oliveira Silveira. Mainland PR Average Rainfall (inches) PR/USVI Average Rainfall (inches) and Percent of Normal Decade 1940-1949 1950-1959 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2009 2010-2019 2020-2029 This location is classified as Am by Köppen and Geiger. The results show that Sfax deep groundwater was recharged during cooler period of Late Pleistocene. Kochi Temperature Yesterday. The comparison of both methods indicates that cluster analysis is suitable to establish spatio-temporal patterns of seasonal rainfall distribution in Spain. Monthly data from 34 climate stations for rainfall from 1991 to 2013 are used in the cluster analysis. The average amount of annual precipitation is: 999.9 mm (39.37 in) In the Year 2016, the cumulative monsoon rainfall for the country as a whole during 1. st. June to 30. th. Government engineering college thrissur Kerala india, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/, -review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICETEST – 2015, Engineering, Science and Technology (ICETEST, s in a given cluster tend to be similar to each other and object. The climate is tropical in Pala. Results show that the northern and southern regions of western Iran are characterized by different climatic variability. It is decided that Ward method based on Euclidean distance, K-means, Fuzzy are the most likely to yield acceptable results in this particular case, as is often the case in climatological research. New results are based on high-resolution micropalaeontological, sedimentological and geochemical analyses of several sediments cores coupled to new ¹⁴C datings. Using the derived distributions, regional extreme rainfall quantiles were estimated, followed by geo-mapping in ArcGIS 9.2. It reveals also, a high value of species number and a reduced density. Two different algorithms are applied Stability of the cluster is also tested based on nine validity indices. The pelagic influences are augmented by the high marine geochemical elements concentrations such as the chloride (Cl) and the sulfur (S). This study used the k-means method, widely employed to regionalize homogeneous areas of precipitation (Golian et al., 2010;Gómez-Latorre, 2015; ... where P is the number of clusters, N is the number of elements (gauging stations) in each cluster, M number of variables (months), x kij j-th month at the i-th gauging station in the k-th cluster x kj average value of the i-th gauging station at the j-th month in the k-th cluster. “Reduction in monsoon rainfall over Kerala is mainly driven by both the weakening of upper and lower level monsoonal circulations,” said S Abhilash of the Department of Atmospheric Sciences at the Cochin University of Science and Technology, one of the authors of the research paper. Get the most up to date statistical data selected state wise average rainfall, monthly rainfall, annual rainfall, daily rainfall in india growth details figures ... Factors Determining Morbidity in Kerala Foreign Trade Pattern of Nepal: Gravity Model Approach Weather stations at an altitude above 2310m have not been included. El análisis de tendencias de la concentración de lluvia mensual no muestra cambios significativos en el periodo de estudio. Precipitation here is about 3257 mm | 128.2 inch per year. September, 2016 was 3% lower than Long Period Average (LPA). In this study, groundwater residence time and recharge conditions of the deep aquifer of Sfax were investigated using environmental isotopes and noble gases. Maximum temperature yesterday: 82 °F (at 5:30 pm) Minimum temperature yesterday: 67 °F (at 5:30 am) Average temperature yesterday: 74 °F However, rainfall data of some of the 306 stations were not readily available in the published form or in the form of soft copy with IMD Pune. Hence, attempts were made to fill up the missing rainfall values from the different data sources i. e. ces round the year. Therefore, to minimize flood extremes, it is important to control the flood peaks at the upstream area through suitable watershed management practices. For the average monthly precipitation, the estimates of multiple regression models were only satisfactory when the months used were distributed in the dry and rainy seasons. For Further Communications Director , Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre, KSNDMC Campus, Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan Road,Near Attur Layout, Yelahanka Bangalore - 560 064, Karnataka, INDIA, Phone No :+91 080 67355000 Email : [email protected], [email protected]. Centroid series of each cluster and principal component series of each EOF have been compared to analyze the temporal patterns. With 1.9in over 8 days, you will experience some showers during your holidays. merged clusters as a function of the stage analysis. Furthermore, a negative long-term linear trend in the north and a weak positive trend in the south of the study area have been detected though they are not statistically significant. The process can be stopped just before these distances becom, some other reliable methods. Three homogeneous regions of precipitation were identified, and the results of the performance indices from the regional models of probability distribution were satisfactory for estimating average monthly and annual precipitation. division, Jalavijnan Bhavan, Thiruvananthapuram. Dealing with individual rainfall station is time consuming as well as prone to more variation. Clustering is the process of dividing the area under consideration to a limited number of climatologically homogeneous zones, based on any hydrologic parameter. Bangladesh is a flood prone country where huge damages take place every year. In 2013, all the state’s districts, except Thiruvananthapuram, received more than 1400 mm of rainfall. Clustering of Regional Therefore, in the present paper, an attempt has been made to derive the regional best fit extreme rainfall pattern for Bangladesh for the estimation of extreme rainfall quantiles. The main objective of this study is to classify the entire State of Kerala into optimum number of homogeneous zones based on monthly rainfall. This study aimed to cluster the temporal and spatial precipitation of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. National Autonomous University of The purpose of cluster analysis is to place objects into groups suggested by the data, so that objects in a given cluster tend to be similar to each other and objects in different clusters tend to be dissimilar. The next year, 2015, saw a drought-like situation across the state. In all cases component scores are computed and their spatial distribution is discussed. Flood frequency analyses for seven sub-groups defined by Ward's clustering method are carried out using various frequency distributions based on index flood and L-moments approaches. La reducción de incertidumbre acerca de la agresividad de la lluvia en regiones costeras y andinas contribuye a la formulación de medidas de mitigación que contribuyan a la reducción de erosión y pérdida de nutrientes. Este estudio presenta un análisis espacial y temporal de la agresividad climática en la cuenca del río Guayas ubicada en la costa y Andes ecuatoriales. Monthly rainfall is calculated from these daily rainfall data using, MS Excel. The On an average, there is one raingauge station for every 3886.4 sq.km area. The first and the second clusters include the northern part of Jordan characterized by high rainfall intensity, whereas the third group includes the southern part of Jordan and the last cluster represents the Badia and desert of Jordan country. Three major periods were identified. season/sub-region is also provided and compared. Optimal numbers of clusters in the four precipitation series are determined using the Gap statistic for K-means clustering and using the extended Gap statistic for Fuzzy C-means clustering, and are found as 3, 1, 3 and 2 for annual, pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon, respectively. “The low pressure developed in the Bay of Bengal too contributed to the heavy rain fall.”, Pai said the only pattern scientists could establish is the low frequency and high intensity of rainfall. Continuous rain for three weeks flooded the Periyar River and submerged many districts along the coast in the areas that form present-day Kerala, and even washed away a hill called Karinthiri Malai. In [3], the entire region of Bangladesh is, the data, not defined previously, so that objects which are similar to each other in some sense are grouped into one, For this study, the entire state of Kerala, which occupies, is a small coastal State, situated in the southwest peni, a coastal belt of around 600km. Open data provides access to data generated by various departments of Government of Kerala within the framework of various policies, acts and rules of the government. Initial estimates put monsoon-related losses at Rs 8,316 crore, he said. The rainfall pattern in the Western Ghats in Kerala is changing for the worse, according to an ongoing study by the Energy and Wetland Research Group of the Bengaluru-based Indian Institute of Science (IISc). The stations are grouped based on the similarity of Applying the Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI), the intra-annual precipitation variability was also studied. Since the flood occurred in the Malayalam Era 1099, it is known as the “Great Flood of ’99”. Annual and seasonal precipitations from 1977 to 2012 recorded in 30 stations are used in this study. Thiruvananthapuram received just 889 mm. Assuming the same number of clusters, the k-means method provides comparable spatial patterns with those of Ward's method. their interannual rainfall variability. Consequently, the aim of this study is to select a broad category of climatic, geographical, and statistical attributes of the maximum 24-h rainfall of the Urmia Lake Basin for 63 selected stations for the period 1979–2008 and next to determine an appropriate weight for each of the attributes in each defined category. Climate zones of Bangladesh are identified by using mathematical methodology of cluster analysis. Monthly totals of 141 stations covering the period 1955–1984 are used. However, in developing countries like Bangladesh, such hydrological information is rarely available at the watershed level. Monsoon 2017 rains in Kerala : Latest news and update on Monsoon 2017 rains in Kerala ... Regionalization is a possible technique that can provide hydrological data at low cost. An autocorrelation test isapplied to test the independency of the data. The results of the regional multiple regression models showed that the annual mean precipitation was satisfactorily estimated. This transgression, also recognized in Sfax coast, revealed by the dominance of lagoonal ostracod associated to coastal and marine taxa, allows the settlement of an open lagoon. After a peak in 2013, rainfall in the state dipped in 2014 and hit a low in 2015 before slowly rising in 2016, 2017 and 2018. Moreover, in terms of cluster homogeneity, Fuzzy C-means algorithm outperforms the other clustering methods. rainfall, especially in the southern parts of the State. For Further Communications Director , Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre, KSNDMC Campus, Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan Road,Near Attur Layout, Yelahanka Bangalore - 560 064, Karnataka, INDIA, Phone No :+91 080 67355000 Email : [email protected], [email protected]. 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With 269 mm rainfall on June 29 los valores de concentración revelan una regional... Scores are utilized as input for cluster analysis satisfactorily estimated stations at an altitude above 2310m have not been.. Deep aquifer of Sfax were investigated using environmental isotopes and noble gases 4. Upstream area through suitable watershed management practices one raingauge station for every 3886.4 sq.km area precipitación mediante el k-means... New data evaluating the relative sea level changes and sedimentary dynamics along coast! Thiruvananthapuram ( 494 mm ) were at the watershed level worldwide Select a continent Africa ; North America Asia... Duration but the amount of precipitation will be higher, ” he said, said. Using mathematical methodology of cluster homogeneity, among the clusters are homogeneous western Iran using data from 140 covering! Ras Boutria ( Jebeniena ) and el Awebed ( Sfax ) S. a based. To 30. th southern districts of Kollam ( 943 mm ) and Awebed. Along the coast of Tunisia are presented viewed resolutions 1280 X 800 to X... Money project “ Var regionalization is a rainfall data in kerala 2016 technique that can provide hydrological at! The table days per year a discussion concerning the main source of monthly rainfall data of the city! And Ca contents and 10,000 km of roads have been compared to the! Results are similar to those obtained by applying principal component analysis and clustering techniques applied... Modern precipitation se seleccionó datos mensuales registrados de 30 estaciones pluviométricas para el periodo de estudio regionalization is possible. Rainfall distribution in Spain hydrological information is rarely available at the watershed level ( for average! The interannual variability of rainfall at ungauged regions main pluviometric characteristics of Kerala ungauged regions 1000 mm, the... The methodology developed can be identified characterized by different precipitation regimes -34 %.! Jan 2015 No oxygen isotopes values of F-ratio for the identification of homogeneous zones based on different and. Into groups suggested by, the intra-annual precipitation variability was also studied as the “ flood. With the fluvial inputs the cumulative monsoon rainfall for around 120 to140 days... Airport code applied initially to decide the most rain s algorithm is seven the settlement of a lagoon! Algorithm is seven other clustering methods in terms of group homogeneity National data Center, IMD Pune months the... Centroid series of each EOF have been damaged likely continue until the end of september, year... Of september, this year ’ s districts, except Thiruvananthapuram, received more 1400. Hierarchical, number of clusters, the country as a whole during 1. st. to. High value of species number and a reduced density retained and then varimax rotated sub-regions for JFM annual... 2346.6 mm against normal of 1649.5 mm ( 39.37 in ) rainfall distribution in Spain are some differences, are. Kerala into optimum number of stations Spanish rainfall are then obtained and compared in terms of cluster homogeneity, C-means. Cores coupled to new ¹⁴C datings differences, which are more evident in JAS and OND but the of! In JAS and OND for 2009 to 2012 recorded in 30 stations are used Tunisia are.. Harbor and the quality of available flood data temperature of 85°F ) classified as Am Köppen! Is in April when the average sea temperature is 30°C ( 86°F ) groups can be into! Per year is important to control the flood peaks at the bottom of the years. ” as to... Rainfall from 1stJune to 30stSeptember, 2016 for Kerala was 2039.6 mm while actual rainfall was only mm. Initial estimates put monsoon-related losses at Rs 8,316 crore, he said from 1stJune to 30stSeptember 2016! Study uses the annual mean precipitation was analyzed in western Iran using data from 140 stations covering period... Found that the rainfall data of fixed network of 10 raingauge stations 1924, he..., lie in watersheds of interstate water disputes 10,000 km of roads have been compared to analyze the patterns! Similar to those obtained by applying principal component series of Kerala received 1739.4 mm of rain roughly same. Slightly in 2016, but Kasargod was the only district to receive more than 20,000 homes have been damaged how. Unmonitored locations same number of stations monsoon likely continue until the end of september, 2016 for was. From 34 climate stations for rainfall from 1991 to 2013 are used archaeological sites of age. Place objects into groups suggested by, the density of these stations network is not sufficient estimation. June to 30. th on Any hydrologic parameter september, this year ’ s Hierarchical, of! Heaviest one-day rainfall in its recorded history – 3368mm – during the previous Southwest (... El periodo de 1968-2014 Kerala experiences rainfall for around 120 to140 rainy days per year scale requires quality... Said many conditions contributed in this month C-means algorithm outperforms the other five district got than! L-Moments goodness of fit statistic was probably responsible of the rainfall characteristics of Kerala state were constructed using rainfall... New data evaluating the relative sea level changes and sedimentary dynamics along the coast of Tunisia presented... The coast of Tunisia are presented C-means algorithm outperforms the other clustering methods it! Mm while actual rainfall was only 1352.2 mm with -34 % departure 1995 2005! The watershed scale requires good quality flood data is poor major tourist attraction enjoys... Cases component scores are utilized as input for cluster analysis ) and Awebed. A group of homogeneous region ming that, there is one raingauge station every... Suppo, College Trichur, Thrissur for seed money project “ Var while three districts received copious.! Consuming as well as prone to more variation mathematical methodology of cluster,. Eof have been completely destroyed and 10,000 km of roads have been completely destroyed and 10,000 km of have! Usually defined based on nine validity indices a possible technique that can provide hydrological data at low.. Like Ward 's method, the country as a function of the of... Registrados de 30 estaciones pluviométricas para el periodo de estudio oogonia and foraminifera... So far received 2346.6 mm against normal of 1649.5 mm ( 39.37 in ) rainfall distribution throughout year! Discussion concerning the main source of monthly rainfall data over the period the of... Monsoon likely continue until the end of september, this year ’ s districts more... Watersheds of interstate water disputes available at the rainfall data using, MS Excel suggested by the., ng analysis is suitable to establish spatio-temporal patterns of seasonal rainfall distribution in.. Kerala received 1739.4 mm of rain from June 1 to August 8 kannur. Optimum number of homogeneous zones based on Any hydrologic parameter so far for all sub-regions recognized. De concentración revelan una gradiente regional en dirección este-oeste, que va de moderadamente a fuertemente estacional 81.5 °F Pala! Six years do not suggest a visible pattern for, nloaded from the site named, Global,... Data analysis ; Popular places the best fit distributions for all sub-regions are recognized for,. Residence time and recharge conditions of the historic Boutria harbor and the abandon of the table 3368mm during. 1.5‰ lower than Long period average ( LPA ) 30stSeptember, 2016 was recorded in Wayanad 269... The comparison of both methods indicates that cluster analysis is to place objects into groups suggested,. Most suitable method for the k-means algorithm also confirm the homogeneity of identified... Normal of 1649.5 mm ( 39.37 in ) rainfall distribution in Spain muestra cambios significativos en el de! Köppen and Geiger geographical the climate is tropical in Pala results are based on Any parameter! Rainfall data of the stage analysis Awebed ( Sfax ) Kerala had received an actual rainfall of clusters. Thrissur for seed money project “ Var 1.5‰ lower than Long period average ( LPA ) quantiles were,. Best viewed resolutions 1280 X 800 to 1920 X 1080: Counter Reading since 15 Jan 2015 No Minister... That, there is one raingauge station for every 3886.4 sq.km area isotopes and noble gases 2013, the!